Tolerance: The Central Node of the Iranian School of Peace

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Sha.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
Abstract
Tolerance, as one of the fundamental principles in Iranian culture and history, plays a key role in shaping the Iranian School of Peace. This study delves deeply into the concept of tolerance, seeking to answer the question of how tolerance can be introduced as the central node of the Iranian School of Peace and why this concept has gained significance throughout Iran's history and politics. The research aims to analyze the position of tolerance within the Iranian School of Peace and examine its cultural, historical, and political impacts on Iran’s domestic and foreign policies. Moreover, the study seeks to identify the factors that strengthen the concept of tolerance as the central node in Iranian peace discourse. Given the rise in international and cultural tensions, a historical and literary review of Iran’s tradition of tolerance and peace could offer practical strategies for international interactions and fostering coexistence.
The main objectives of this research include analyzing the role of tolerance in Iranian culture from historical, mystical, and literary perspectives and presenting Iranian teachings as a model for international peace. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical-analytical approach, utilizing credible historical, literary, and political sources to analyze texts and documents.
Keywords

Abrahamian, E. (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions*. Princeton University Press.
Abrahamian, E. (2013). The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations. The New Press.
Adelkhah, F., & Olszewska, Z. (2007). "The Iranian Afghans". *Iranian Studies, 40(2), 119–137.
Afary, J. (1996). The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism*. Columbia University Press.
Barry, B. (2002). Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Polity Press.
Derrida, J. (2005). The politics of friendship (George Collins, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1994)
Dworkin, R. (1986). Law's Empire. Harvard University Press.
Dworkin, R. (1978). Taking rights seriously. Harvard University Press.
Forst, R. (2013). Toleration in conflict: Past and present. Cambridge University Press.
Frye, R. N. (1972). The Heritage of Persia. New York: World Publishing Company.
Corey, R. J. (2002). Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Blackwell Publishing.
Harman, G. (1975). Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Blackwell.
Heyd, D. (1996). Toleration: an Elusive Virtue, Princeton University Press.
Holliday, S. (2011). Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
Kant, E. (1785). Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by H. J. Paton, 1948. Harper & Row. Cambridge University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Clarendon Press.
Linklater, Andrew (1998). The Transformation of Political Community. Cambridge: Polity Press. 
Lobe, J. (2008). Cultural Diplomacy and International Relations. New York: Academic Press.
Mill, J. S. (1978). On liberty (E. Rapaport, Ed.). Hackett. (Original work published 1859)
Percy, S. (1951). History of Persia, London, Macmillan, Vol 2.
Popper, K. R. (2002). The open society and its enemies (5th Ed.). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1945)
Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press.
Rawls, J. (2001). Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Harvard University Press.
Taylor, C. (1994). Multiculturalism and "The Politics of Recognition". Princeton University Press.
The Persian Empire | Tribute | Cyrus the Great and the Glory of Persia. (2018). The History TV.
UNESCO. (2002). Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. UNESCO Cultural Diversity Series No. 1. Paris: UNESCO.
Walzer, M. (1997). On toleration. Yale University Press.
Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.